Effect of Rhizophagus irregularis on Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Pako (Diplazium esculentum) Under Drought Stress

This study presents the first documented report on the successful colonization of the indigenous and underutilized fern species Diplazium esculentum by the fungi Rhizophagus irregularis in the Philippines. The beneficial role of the microorganism was evaluated through its morphological characteristics, with improved growth parameters of the plant, and biochemical characteristics revealed a significant increase in relative water content, membrane stability index, total soluble sugar, amino acids, and sucrose content. Hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde were recorded to have high levels under drought stress conditions. This study showed a decline in concentrations due to the inoculation of R. irregularis, highlighting its potential to alleviate stress. These results feature the potential of this microorganism to minimize the impact of drought stress on indigenous fern plants and allow a better adaptation to dry conditions.